| No Image[b]Activities[/b]
In May 2001, with assistance from IFRTD (International Forum on Rural Transport and Development), Pelangi organized a seminar as a side-event for NGOs back-to-back with the National Workshop on Rural Transport and Development in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. During the seminar, issues related to sustainable rural transportation and its role in sustainable rural development were discussed. It was identified that development of rural transport system has become a threat as well as an opportunity for the rural development socially and economically. As was agreed at the workshop, what is important is not to build new roads, but to make facilities more accessible. All participants agreed on the need for having a forum for sustainable rural transport system. This forum is aimed at synchronizing rural transport development and management to promote sustainable rural development.
As a member of Infortrans, Pelangi is actively involved in supporting transport-related advocacy issues, especially for Jakarta. One of the key issues is to revise the Regulation of the Local Government of DKI Jakarta no. 11/1988 (Perda no. 11/1988) on Public Order; this includes informal sector and informal transport means. This is also heavily related to the banning of three-wheeled pedicabs in Jakarta. It is apparent that there is a lack of local government support -even attention- to any non-motorized means of transit and other means of transit within the informal sector despite the role of informal sector to support to the local economy.
Pelangi has conducted a small research project on the social and economic impact of banning motorized three-wheeled vehicles similar to a motorcycle (known as [i]Bajaj[/i]) and replacing them with [i]"Kancil"[/i], a small [i]"city-car"[/i]. Those [i]Bajaj[/i] drivers, similar to pedicab drivers, are generally unskilled and uneducated, hence it will be difficult for them to shift to other jobs or even to shift from driving [i]Bajajs[/i] to driving the [i]Kancils[/i]. Taking the whole Jakarta region into account, at least 40,000 people will be unemployed.
Together with other member of Infortrans, Pelangi is working on the feasibility of [b]Mass Rapid Transit[/b] (MRT) for Jakarta, as it is now confirmed that the local government prefers to build an MRT system to solve the transport problem in Jakarta. However, a more objective research needs to be done to assess the feasibility of MRT systems compared to other mass transit system such as exclusive bus lanes. The study has to be in-depth, and include impact assessment to the social, economics and environmental sectors.
Improving urban transport will not be feasible without public participation. Recently, Pelangi conducted a field-test on the good governance on urban transport and accessibility for Central Jakarta and the city of Bogor, both located in the island of Java. Despite the various backgrounds and different interests of the participants, almost all of them felt that there is too little public participation in the planning, operation, and policymaking processes of the transportation sector. At that point, accountability is strongly requested in the transport related process. All participants agreed to have an independent forum on urban transport and accessibility as a platform for stakeholder input and to address questions and inquiries for clarification.
For a city like Jakarta, transportation contributes to more than half of urban air pollution. Therefore, Pelangi is involved in the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities, an initiative to combat air pollution especially for vehicle emissions in big cities throughout Asia. At the local level, Pelangi is involved in advocating benefits of unleaded gasoline to air quality. Understandably, unleaded gasoline is only the first step to reduce vehicular emissions; there are many more steps to be taken before we can improve air quality in the cities in Asia. Some proposals are being developed to foster this effort.
[b]Proposals for transport and air quality at Pelangi[/b]
Pelangi considers local as well as global air pollution. A proposal on integrated urban planning and urban transport is being developed in cooperation with Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta. The proposal is aimed at mitigating transport-related pollution by integrating urban planning and development with urban transport systems. Changes in urban planning and development have generated inefficient transportation systems, while in contrast, the changes in urban transportation systems have also generated inefficient urban development. We believe that a piecemeal solution will never solve the problem; an integrated solution is thus urgently needed.
Not only does urban planning and urban transportation planning need revitalizing; an integrated approach should consider the operational aspect of urban transport system. Attempts to promote urban transport operators, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), need to be fostered through thorough policy research. Strong SMEs in transport service will help promote a sustainable transport system.
In parallel with the effort above, improving fuel quality is considered as another important aspect to reduce air pollution. A proposal on the prospect of renewable fuel for transport in Indonesia is being developed. This proposal will specifically assess the prospect of biomass-based fuel for transport by examining the availability of technology; social, economic, and environmental impacts and acceptance by the consumers. This proposal will also assess appropriate policies needed concerning both energy and investment that will promote the use of biomass-based fuel for transportation. Introducing the aforementioned fuel will reduce the vehicular emissions both at local and global levels. This will also promote the sustainable use of energy and reduce dependency on oil and other fossil fuels.
[b]Transport and air quality and Life After Oil[/b]
It is clear that transport and air quality program at Pelangi is to support Life After Oil (LAO). Those proposals are aiming to reduce our dependency to fossil fuels and at the same time increase the quality of our environment. Hence, transport and air quality is not a separate program at Pelangi; it is closely related and has to be done conjointly with other programs at Pelangi, namely Energy, Climate Change and Forestry.
[b]Life After Oil[/b]
As Pelangi aims to promote sustainable development by doing policy research, it is obvious that a campaign theme such as Life After Oil is very relevant. Integrating all programs at Pelangi, starting from supply side, process and demand with considerations on policies and impacts, LAO is best picturing what we are aiming at. Limited non-renewable resources have forced us to explore the possibility of using the renewable resources. The rocketing demand has driven us to produce more with fewer resources, which is also known as efficiency. The rapid degradation of our environment demanding us to use cleaner resources, cleaner process and implement a close-cycle as much as possible. All of these will not be possible without accommodative policies; policies that give more weight to people welfare and justice.[b][S][/b]
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